Terra Economicus2073-66062410-453110.18522/2073-6606-2026-24-2-57-74OtherЛичностный ресурс как фактор социальной стратификации экономически активных россиян: опыт операционализации и измеренияPersonal resource as a factor of social stratification of economically active Russians: Operationalization and measurementКаравайАнастасия ВадимовнаKaravayAnastasiakaravayav@yandex.ruInstitute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussiaИнститут социологии Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наукМоскваРоссия300620262425774https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC BY 4.0https://te.sfedu.ru/arkhiv-nomerov/2026/230-nomer-2/3089-lichnostnyj-resurs-kak-faktor-sotsialnoj-stratifikatsii-ekonomicheski-aktivnykh-rossiyan-opyt-operatsionalizatsii-i-izmereniya.html

В статье показано, как понятие личностного ресурса встроено в контекст ресурсного подхода к социальной стратификации. Оно концептуализируется как инкорпорированный потенциал индивида, косвенно связанный с его габитусом и способный конвертироваться в устойчивые социальные и экономические позиции. На этой теоретической основе предложена операционализация личностного ресурса через композитный Индекс, включающий три компонента: установки на контроль собственной жизни (горизонт планирования, вера в результативность усилий, дистанцирование от фатализма), социальный оптимизм (генерализованное доверие, позитивный образ других) и поведенческие проявления агентности (социальная активность, действия по улучшению материального положения). На данных Мониторинга ИС ФНИСЦ РАН (2025 г., экономически активное население, N = 1524) выделены три группы россиян с разным уровнем личностного ресурса. Показано, что работники с разным уровнем личностного ресурса различаются прежде всего по защищенности занятости, а не по интенсивности труда. В среднем высокие значения Индекса связаны с более устойчивыми формами занятости, наличием минимальных базовых трудовых гарантий, а также большей удовлетворенностью материальным положением и жизнью в целом. Эти различия сохраняются внутри профессиональных и образовательных групп, свидетельствуя о самостоятельном вкладе личностного ресурса в формирование жизненных возможностей. Кроме того, среди выходцев из низкоресурсных семей высокий уровень личностного ресурса ассоциирован с существенно более высокой вероятностью восходящей мобильности, что указывает на его компенсаторную роль в условиях структурных ограничений, вероятно реализуемую через механизмы поведенческой активности, избирательности найма и психологической устойчивости к внешним шокам. Полученные результаты обосновывают значимость личностного ресурса в процессах стратификации российского общества наряду с другими инкорпорированными ресурсами.

This article examines how the concept of personal resource is embedded within the resource-based approach to social stratification. It is conceptualized as an individual’s incorporated potential, indirectly linked to their habitus and capable of being converted into stable social and economic positions. On this theoretical basis, an operationalization of personal resource is proposed through a composite Index comprising three components: attitudes towards control over one’s own life (planning horizon, belief in the efficacy of one’s efforts, and distancing from fatalism), social optimism (generalized trust and a positive image of others), and behavioral manifestations of agency (social participation and actions aimed at improving one’s material circumstances). Drawing on data from the IS FCTAS RAS Monitoring Survey (2025, economically active population, N = 1,524), three groups of Russians with differing levels of personal resource are identified. The findings demonstrate that workers with different levels of personal resource differ primarily in employment security rather than labor intensity: higher Index values are associated with more stable forms of employment, the presence of basic labor guarantees, and higher satisfaction with one’s material situation and life overall. These differences persist within occupational and educational groups, indicating the independent contribution of personal resource to the formation of life chances. Furthermore, among individuals from low-resource family backgrounds, a high level of personal resource is associated with a substantially greater likelihood of upward social mobility, suggesting its compensatory role under conditions of structural constraints, likely operating through mechanisms of behavioral activation, hiring selectivity, and psychological resilience to external shocks. The results substantiate the significance of personal resource in the stratification processes of Russian society alongside other incorporated resources.

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